Roman Numeral Converter

Free Roman numeral converter. Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back, live in both directions — up to 3,999,999 with vinculum (overline) notation — with strict validation.

Quick answer

42 in Roman numerals is XLII (50−10 = XL, plus II for 2). Type any whole number from 1 to 3,999,999 and its Roman numeral appears instantly (with vinculum overlines above 3,999), or type a numeral like MMXXVI and get 2026 back. Every input is validated against the strict standard form, so IIII, VV, or IC are flagged as invalid.

Convert Both Ways

Number (1 – 3,999,999)

converts both directions

Roman numeral

2,026 = MMXXVI

Date in Roman Numerals

Day

Month

Year

Format

Separator

Style

XVII·VIII·MMXXVI

Great for wedding dates, anniversaries, and tattoos. Roman numerals have no zero, so every part starts at 1, and the year must be 1–3999.

Symbol Reference

100

500

1,000

Was this tool helpful?

Support this site

More tools

Featured

Random Team Picker Equal Playing Time Calculator Team Snack Schedule Generator

Word & Character Counter Password Generator Pomodoro Timer with Rain Sounds JSON Formatter & Validator Text Anonymizer Case Converter

UUID Generator

How to convert Roman numerals

Numbers to Roman numerals and back, plus dates, big-number overlines and a chart you can print.

Type a number
Type any whole number from 1 to 3,999,999 into the top field of Convert Both Ways. The numeral builds itself as you type (1994 becomes MCMXCIV), and the line under the two fields reads the conversion back. Type a numeral into the second field instead and it runs the other way.
Go past 3,999 for the overline
Standard numerals stop at MMMCMXCIX. Above that the converter switches to the vinculum the Romans used for large numbers: 12,024 shows as XII overlined, meaning twelve thousand, followed by XXIV. The numeral field keeps a version you can copy as plain text.
Turn a date into numerals
In the Date in Roman Numerals card, fill in the day, month and year, then pick the order (DD·MM·YYYY, MM·DD·YYYY, YYYY·MM·DD or year only) and the separator. Copy puts the result on your clipboard, and the stacked style gives you the vertical layout tattoos and engravings use.
Print the chart
Print the chart, in the Symbol Reference card, opens a one-page sheet: the seven symbols, 1 to 20, the tens to 100 and the hundreds to 1000. It comes out of the same engine as the converter, so the paper copy cannot drift from the tool. There is a downloadable 1–100 chart further down the page as well.

Convert Roman Numerals Both Ways

Type a number and read off its Roman numeral, or type a numeral like MCMXCIV and get 1994 back. The converter works live in both directions and validates every input against the strict standard form, so typos and impossible numerals are caught immediately instead of silently misread.

Writing a Date in Roman Numerals

A date is just three small numbers (day, month, and year), each converted on its own and joined together. In day-month-year order, 14 May 2026 becomes XIV·V·MMXXVI: XIV for the 14th, V for the fifth month, and MMXXVI for 2026. The Date in Roman Numerals panel above builds it for you: type the day, month, and year, then pick the field order (DD·MM·YYYY, MM·DD·YYYY, or year-only), choose a separator, and copy the result. Feeding it a specific number? Spin one up with the random number generator and drop it straight into the converter above.

Roman Numerals for Tattoos

A date tattoo in Roman numerals keeps a birthday, wedding, or memorial meaningful but understated. Switch the Date panel to the Stacked (tattoo) style and each part sits on its own line: the vertical layout inked down a forearm or spine. A dot (·) or period is the most common separator, and there is no zero, so every field starts at one. Double-check the numerals before you commit: four is IV, not IIII, and if your design also carries a name or phrase, the word and character counter helps you size the lettering to the space.

Roman Numerals on Clock Faces

Roman numerals ring the dials of countless clocks and watches, and many of them break the rules on purpose, writing 4 as IIII instead of the standard IV for visual balance against the VIII opposite it. If you like the classical look for a classroom or study display, the exam clock pairs a large legible face with live countdowns. This converter sticks to the modern standard form, so it always returns IV.

Example dates in Roman numerals (DD·MM·YYYY)

Date	Roman numerals
1 January 2000	I·I·MM
14 February 2025	XIV·II·MMXXV
20 June 2026	XX·VI·MMXXVI
25 December 2024	XXV·XII·MMXXIV
29 February 2024 (leap day)	XXIX·II·MMXXIV
4 July 1776	IV·VII·MDCCLXXVI

Built by the same formatDateRoman engine as the Date panel above. Enter any wedding date, birthday, or anniversary to format your own.

How Roman Numerals Work

Seven symbols carry all the values: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Symbols are written largest-first and added together: MMXXVI is 1000+1000+10+10+5+1 = 2026. When a smaller symbol appears before a larger one, it is subtracted instead: IV is 4, IX is 9, XL is 40, XC is 90, CD is 400, and CM is 900. Only those six subtractive pairs are allowed in standard notation, and no symbol repeats more than three times in a row.

Where You Still See Roman Numerals

Movie credits and TV copyrights: production years like MMXXVI in end credits.
Super Bowls, Olympiads, and monarchs: Super Bowl LVIII, Elizabeth II, Louis XIV.
Clock faces: often with the famous nonstandard IIII for 4.
Book chapters, outlines, and building cornerstones: anywhere a touch of formality is wanted.
Homework: Roman numerals remain a classroom staple, and the symbol reference card doubles as a quick cheat sheet.

Quick Examples

IV = 4, IX = 9, XIV = 14, XLII = 42, XCIX = 99, CDXLIV = 444, MCMLXXXIV = 1984, MCMXCIV = 1994, MMXXVI = 2026, MMMCMXCIX = 3999 (the largest standard numeral). Try a birth year, an anniversary, or a tattoo idea and check it both directions.

Years in Roman Numerals

The most-searched conversions are years: for tattoos, wedding dates, movie credits, and cornerstones. Recent and notable years, converted by the same engine as the tool above:

Recent and notable years in Roman numerals

Year	Roman numeral
1492	MCDXCII
1776	MDCCLXXVI
1900	MCM
1950	MCML
1969	MCMLXIX
1984	MCMLXXXIV
1990	MCMXC
1999	MCMXCIX
2000	MM
2020	MMXX
2021	MMXXI
2022	MMXXII
2023	MMXXIII
2024	MMXXIV
2025	MMXXV
2026	MMXXVI
2027	MMXXVII
2028	MMXXVIII
2029	MMXXIX
2030	MMXXX
2035	MMXXXV

Need a different year or date? The converter above handles any number from 1 to 3,999,999, both directions.

Numbers 1–20, tens, and hundreds

Number	Numeral	Number	Numeral
1	I	30	XXX
2	II	40	XL
3	III	50	L
4	IV	60	LX
5	V	70	LXX
6	VI	80	LXXX
7	VII	90	XC
8	VIII	100	C
9	IX	200	CC
10	X	300	CCC
11	XI	400	CD
12	XII	500	D
13	XIII	600	DC
14	XIV	700	DCC
15	XV	800	DCCC
16	XVI	900	CM
17	XVII	1,000	M
18	XVIII	1,500	MD
19	XIX	2,000	MM
20	XX	3,000	MMM

Roman Numerals 1 to 100

The full one-to-a-hundred run is the range schools drill and the one people look up most often. Every numeral below is produced by the converter’s own engine, so the table matches the tool exactly. Note how 40 (XL), 90 (XC) and 49 (XLIX) use the subtractive rule rather than repeating symbols four times.

Roman numerals 1 to 100

Number	Numeral	Number	Numeral
1	I	51	LI
2	II	52	LII
3	III	53	LIII
4	IV	54	LIV
5	V	55	LV
6	VI	56	LVI
7	VII	57	LVII
8	VIII	58	LVIII
9	IX	59	LIX
10	X	60	LX
11	XI	61	LXI
12	XII	62	LXII
13	XIII	63	LXIII
14	XIV	64	LXIV
15	XV	65	LXV
16	XVI	66	LXVI
17	XVII	67	LXVII
18	XVIII	68	LXVIII
19	XIX	69	LXIX
20	XX	70	LXX
21	XXI	71	LXXI
22	XXII	72	LXXII
23	XXIII	73	LXXIII
24	XXIV	74	LXXIV
25	XXV	75	LXXV
26	XXVI	76	LXXVI
27	XXVII	77	LXXVII
28	XXVIII	78	LXXVIII
29	XXIX	79	LXXIX
30	XXX	80	LXXX
31	XXXI	81	LXXXI
32	XXXII	82	LXXXII
33	XXXIII	83	LXXXIII
34	XXXIV	84	LXXXIV
35	XXXV	85	LXXXV
36	XXXVI	86	LXXXVI
37	XXXVII	87	LXXXVII
38	XXXVIII	88	LXXXVIII
39	XXXIX	89	LXXXIX
40	XL	90	XC
41	XLI	91	XCI
42	XLII	92	XCII
43	XLIII	93	XCIII
44	XLIV	94	XCIV
45	XLV	95	XCV
46	XLVI	96	XCVI
47	XLVII	97	XCVII
48	XLVIII	98	XCVIII
49	XLIX	99	XCIX
50	L	100	C

Generated by the converter's own toRoman function at build time. For any number beyond 100, type it into the tool above.

Roman numerals 1 to 100 chart: a 10-by-10 grid showing every number from 1 to 100 with its Roman numeral, from 1 = I through 100 = C, including the subtractive forms like 4 = IV, 40 = XL, 90 = XC and 99 = XCIX. — Roman numerals 1–100 chart: save or print it for the classroom wall. Every numeral comes from the converter's own engine.Download PNG

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I convert a number to Roman numerals?

Type any whole number from 1 to 3,999,999 into the number field and the Roman numeral appears instantly (with vinculum overlines above 3999). It works the other way too: type a Roman numeral and the number appears.

How do numbers above 3999 work?

Standard Roman numerals top out at MMMCMXCIX (3999): M is the largest symbol and nothing repeats more than three times. For bigger numbers the Romans drew an overline (a vinculum) over a numeral to multiply it by 1000, and this converter does the same: type any number up to 3,999,999 and the thousands part appears overlined, with a copyable text version using Unicode overline marks.

Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?

Standard (subtractive) notation places a smaller symbol before a larger one to subtract it: IV is 5−1=4 and IX is 10−1=9. The additive IIII does appear historically, most famously on clock faces, but modern convention, and this converter, use the strict subtractive form.

Does the converter reject invalid numerals?

Yes. Input is validated against the strict standard form, so non-canonical strings like IIII, VV, or IC are flagged as invalid rather than silently guessed at.

How do you write a date in Roman numerals?

Convert the day, month, and year separately, then join them in your chosen order. In day-month-year order, 14 May 2026 is XIV·V·MMXXVI: XIV (14), V (5, for May), MMXXVI (2026). The Date in Roman Numerals section above does it for you: type the day, month, and year, pick DD·MM·YYYY, MM·DD·YYYY, or year-only, choose the separator, and copy the result. Roman numerals have no zero, so every part starts at 1.

What is 2026 in Roman numerals?

2026 is MMXXVI: MM (1000+1000) + XX (10+10) + VI (5+1). Type 2026 into the converter and it appears instantly, or use the Date in Roman Numerals section to add a day and month around it.

How do I write my wedding date in Roman numerals?

Use the Date in Roman Numerals section: enter the day, month, and year of your wedding, then choose the layout (DD·MM·YYYY is the most common for wedding jewellery and prints) and a separator such as the dot (·). For example a wedding on 20 June 2026 becomes XX·VI·MMXXVI. Tap Copy to paste it into an engraver, invitation, or design, and switch to the stacked style for a vertical tattoo layout.

What are Roman numerals for tattoos?

Roman-numeral tattoos usually spell out a meaningful date (a birthday, wedding, or memorial) because the letters look striking and the meaning stays private. Set the Date in Roman Numerals section to the Stacked (tattoo) style to see each part (day, month, year) on its own line, the way many vertical forearm and spine tattoos are inked. A middot (·) or period between numbers is the most common separator. Always double-check the numerals before inking: 4 is IV, not IIII, and there is no zero.

Why do clock faces use IIII instead of IV for four?

Many traditional clock and watch faces write 4 as IIII rather than the standard IV. The usual explanations are visual balance (IIII mirrors the VIII opposite it) and casting convenience for old clockmakers, who could mould identical I, V, and X strokes. It is a deliberate exception: this converter uses the modern standard IV, but IIII on a clock is not a mistake.

What is 2027 in Roman numerals?

2027 is MMXXVII: MM (2000) + XX (20) + VII (7). The years table below the article lists every year from 2020 to 2035 plus notable ones like 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) and 1999 (MCMXCIX), ready to copy.

What is the current year in Roman numerals?

Click the "Current year" button and the converter fills it in for you: 2026 is MMXXVI.

What are the Roman numerals from 1 to 20?

I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX. The chart below the article lists them alongside the tens (X to C) and hundreds (C to M), so common school ranges are all covered on one page, and the Print the chart button on the converter gives the same table as a clean printable reference sheet for the classroom wall.

Is it "Roman numerals" or "Roman numbers"?

Both are widely used and mean the same thing: "Roman numerals" is the standard term for the symbols (I, V, X, L, C, D, M), while "Roman numbers" is the everyday phrasing. This Roman numbers converter answers either way: type a number or a numeral and get the other form instantly.

Roman numeral converter translating 2026 to MMXXVI with a symbol reference chart — Live two-way conversion with strict validation: 2,026 becomes MMXXVI.